Although low-simple-carb feed options are becoming increasingly available, the majority are higher than the 10% combined ESC and Starch goal. Your horse will love these treats and won't even know it's good for them! Truffle sized treats can also be easily shaped by hand. These are the components that can cause a blood sugar rise. PPID and IR Myths and Misconceptions, ECIR Group Inc., 2013 NO Laminitis! Insulin resistance is common in breeds known to be easy keepers and in any horses with a history of obesity. We also developed a treat that INSULIN RESISTANT horses can enjoy made with Stevia & Cinnamon, to offer sweetness without risk. Please include your name, address and telephone number or email address, along with your animal’s name, sex and age (if known) and a short description of the photo. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 43(3), S61-S65. Copper, zinc and selenium are important antioxidant minerals but are commonly deficient. Interested in a print subscription? Insulin is a “trigger” that causes laminitis, a seriously debilitating disease, as high blood insulin … Carrots are probably the best option because they are mostly water, and have very little sugar (5 g/100 g). Acadian sea kelp. Other labs may be suitable but it would be wise to contact the lab in advance of submitting a sample in order to ensure that the ESC/Sugar and Starch tests are the same as the two listed. 1/2-3/4 cup flour (or make oat flour by throwing some oats into a blender/food processor) 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil or coconut oil. Ingredients: • 1 lb. Combine all ingredients in a food processor, mixer or by hand. They include: • Reduce sugars in the horse’s diet. For the IR horse it is the simple Sugars (ESC extracted through feed analysis) and Starch levels that matter. They may be submitted either digitally (at 300dpi) or as prints or slides along with your manuscript. Vitamin E, 2 IU/lb of bodyweight (2,000 IUs for a 1,000 lb horse). Preheat oven to 325ºF. bag of Bob’s Red Mill organic ground flaxseed (from Wal-Mart or grocery store) Amber Marshall – the Heartland star opens up about life, love,…, New bill would ban doping horses on race day, 5 horse-related podcasts every equestrian needs in their life, Making disaster plans for your horses is more important than ever. The horse is very fortunate to have a unique digestive system where fermentation products of fiber in the hind gut can be either burned directly as energy sources or converted to fat or glucose once inside the body, essentially eliminating the need for high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. A potential link between insulin resistance and iron overload disorder in browsing rhinoceroses investigated through the use of an equine model. In general, the longer the soak time, the hotter the water, and the more water used, the greater the decrease of ESC/Sugar will be. Ingredients Herb was a horse I knew and loved while growing up, but at the time, I wouldn’t have thought to give him any tasty healing herbs. To conserve precious calories for key organs, IR is induced. Whether used to train piaffe, maintain energy levels for trail and endurance horses, reward reining horses, or treat your backyard buddy, even finicky horses … If you are sending your submission by regular mail, please also enclose a SASE and keep a copy of the article for your own files. Moderate quality timothy or orchard grass hays are best. Top 7 Best Treatment for Cushings in Horses Above all others, two FDA approved drugs for treating Cushings in animals are very popular. It's free. Click Here. Do not, however, send book-length manuscripts. Only Treat Insulin Resistant Horse Can Have and Boy Does She Love Them! This is calculation is for horses that are not being worked, and may need to be adjusted up or down for some individuals. Instead, the nutritional requirement should be met using supplements like minerals and vitamins. 2 teaspoons Saigon cinnamon 1 apple. Your horse will love these treats and won't even know it's good for them! 1 cup whole chickpea flour Description. They are Trilostane (Vetoryl) and Mitotane … Bring treats to room temperature before serving. One of my horses is insulin resistant and this is the only treat she can have and boy does she love them! A brief biographical sketch of yourself is also recommended. Use organic products wherever possible. Insulin has direct action on all cells in the body (except the brain), and helps in … Selenium, 1 mg/500 lbs of bodyweight unless in a high-selenium area. • ½ cup Unsweetened applesauce • 2 tbs. Horses do not need a bagged … 1 1/2 cups apple sauce (or apple butter) Every attempt is made to return photographic material, but it is advised that you keep copies of your images. Too much iron can be detrimental to the insulin resistant horse… 3 cups brown rice flakes It doesn't take a great leap to understand that effective weight loss comes with a controlled diet. Cinnamon • 2 cups hot water • Cookie sheet, and parchment or wax … All photos become property of Redstone Media Group. Your horse will love these treats and won't even know it's good for them! Insulin Resistance Metabolic Syndrome. These fenugreek-flavored nuggets are a tasty option for horses who have chronic health issues like Cushing's disease, insulin resistance, equine metabolic syndrome, equine polysaccharide … Combine this with a lack of exercise, too many treats, overfeeding, even stress, and the easy keeper is at risk for hormone imbalances, the most critical of which is insulin resistance or IR. “If we … Whether used to train piaffe, maintain energy levels for trail and endurance horses, reward reining horses, or treat your backyard buddy, even finicky horses love them. Horse owners would all benefit from learning to properly sample and interpret hay analysis. This allows for easy clean-up (and no wasted water), and parchment paper can be used over and over again. Although we prefer to use original material only, we do sometimes publish book excerpts. Nothing works better for people than exercise and a controlled-calorie, low-carb diet. Treats may also need to be limited to horses that have insulin signaling issues. PMB 155, Centennial, CO 80122 Insulin resistance … 1 tablespoon carob This happens with starvation in all species, regardless of whether the individual was IR to begin with. Both … And insulin resistance helps set the stage for laminitis (founder). This condition may have been around a lot longer than we think. Suzi Beber has been successfully creating special needs diets for companion animals for over two decades. Once completely cool, store the treats in an airtight container. Send a digital photo, scanned at a minimum of 5″ x 7″, at 300dpi resolution in a jpeg, tif or pdf format to info@equinewellnessmagazine.com, or send a good quality hard copy original photo (not a color photocopy) to: Photo Contest, Equine Wellness Magazine Click here if you are in a crisis If you are here because your horse is laminitic please join the ECIR Group outreach at groups.io for immediate help from senior volunteers. And the goal of the ECIR Group protocol is "no laminitis" ever again, with blood work as close to normal as we can possibly get — if not completely normal. Every oven is different, so check your biscuits – they should end up a deep golden color with no burnt edges. Bake the treats for 15 to 20 minutes and then remove from oven. Nicker Treats are low sugar horse treats safe for horses with EPSM, Cushings, or Insulin Resistant (IR). A horse, like a person, can have a metabolic rate and genetic tendency toward obesity. Equine metabolic syndrome is associated with obesity, accumulations of fat in specific areas of the body, insulin resistance, inflammation and laminitis. Enter full name, email address, and mailing address to qualify. Make sure the photos are labeled and include your name, address and phone number. When it reaches this heat, turn down to 250ºF and leave biscuits in the oven for approximately 45 more minutes. When cells ignore insulin, the body could be experiencing insulin resistance. An email will be sent to you with each new issue that is published. Mineral balancing is also very important for these horses. 3. 5. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia both fall under the umbrella of insulin dysregulation. On the trace mineral front (iron, copper, manganese, zinc, selenium, chromium), the mineral patterns very commonly found in hays are not helpful for IR control. 1. The horse is no different. Click here to go to the ECIR Group outreach   Close. Treats may also need to be limited to horses that have insulin signaling issues. Information Contained On This Page Adapted From Equine Cushing's & Insulin Resistance Course Offered by Eleanor M. Kellon, VMD www.drkellon.com, Kellon, EM. The ECIR Group has also found that some chronic IR horses may require this number be even lower to keep their IR in check. Plain salt, 1 oz/500 lbs of bodyweight plus free-choice plain white salt. Horses with EMS become less sensitive to insulin’s effects, and more insulin than normally required is needed to keep blood sugar concentrations within normal limits, especially after a meal high in starch or sugar. Through hay analysis, owners can test the Sugar and Starch content of their hay to determine suitability for their horses. A host of different medications have come and gone. *When making treats, spray the cookie trays with coconut oil, a substitute of your choice, or grease the pans with butter. Getty, J.M. 2 teaspoons Saigon cinnamon Using a measuring spoon, shape small and/or large sugar-free treats. Now that EMS has become the "disease du jour" the equine market has exploded with low-carb feeds and supplements to fix or cure this condition. By providing calories predominantly in the form of fermentable fiber, there is little to no blood glucose spike associated with eating and the liver can control blood glucose levels by releasing glucose only when and if needed to keep blood levels normal. There are many supplements on the market for Insulin … First, understand that EMS is not a disease: it is a "metabolic type". Only Treat Insulin Resistant Horse Can Have and Boy Does She Love Them! Between 1.2% and 1.3% of the horse's body weight is a good way to determine the right amount of hay to feed a horse on a calorie restricted diet. 1/2 cup filtered water. These fenugreek-flavored nuggets are a tasty option for horses who have chronic health issues like Cushing's disease, insulin resistance, equine metabolic syndrome, equine polysaccharide storage myopathy, colic and founder. (404) 312-9623 Dr. Reilly is the “Ask the Vet” expert on Equine Insulin Resistance for the AAEP. Overfeeding a horse to the point it becomes obese can also result in insulin resistance, although not all fat horses are insulin resistant. Insulin has vasoregulatory actions. We welcome unsolicited articles and story outlines as long as they focus on holistic healing, whether physical, emotional or spiritual. Instructions Altered glucose and insulin … Hard copy photos must have contact information on the back. Metabolic Syndrome is a group of symptoms related to insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia (6). 1/2 cup hemp flour Adequate magnesium is critical to both burning of fuels and storage of energy in every cell. Humans have struggled with control of metabolic syndrome and weight gain far longer than equines have. Experimentally, high blood insulin levels lead to laminitis in horses and ponies. EMS is a problem in both horses and humans. 2. You may submit articles either by our online contact form, or by mail to: Equine Wellness Magazine I break them into pieces and use them for training too. Winners will be notified by phone or email and winning photos will appear in a future issue of Equine Wellness. Not all labs will use the same tests for analysis of feeds. Remove from oven and cool completely before storing in holiday packaging or Ziploc bags. But she adds there are a number of risk factors to be considered, including stress, high sugar content feeds, overuse of drugs and vaccines, genetics, soy products, pyrethroid-based fly sprays, and supplementing with large amounts of glucosamine. But … Feeding hay with low levels of sugars (soluble carbohydrates). Grasping Insulin Resistance in Horses. Ingredients: Perform any additional tasks (liking a Facebook page, captioning a photo, submitting a story, etc.) Fortunately, the horses are fine with the changes and it typically costs less than the "magic bullet" supplements on the market that don't work! The higher the Sugar and Starch content of a food, the higher the blood glucose will rise. It was the lowest glycemic index food in the study linked above and when owners rinse/soak/rinse beet pulp, Sugar and Starch can be as low as 5%. Unused material will be returned after due consideration. Magnesium is a good example. Cutting calories too drastically will only worsen IR. 1/4 cup blueberry seed oil or another oil of your choice, e.g., hemp oil She was also was honored with the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, for her work in cancer, from the University of Guelph/Ontario Veterinary College. Feed 1.5% of current body weight or 2% of ideal body weight in low S/S hay, whichever is greater. 2 tablespoons unsweetened coconut It’s important to remember that not all insulin-resistant horses are obese and not all … The cells show an inability to transport glucose into them. Roll out dough and cut into desired shapes, or spread out on cookie sheet and lightly score. INSULIN RESISTANCE Many EMS horses have elevated insulin levels in their blood (2) without concurrently raised or lowered glucose levels (3, 4, 5). Combine all ingredients in a processor, mixer or by hand. Five to 20 grams of added magnesium per … You will receive a 1 Year Digital Subscription to North America’s #1 Natural Health Magazine for Horses. To explore this potential treatment option for horses with insulin dysregulation, veterinary researchers recruited healthy horses and administered both metformin and sitagliptin orally. Cushing's disease, a condition common in older horses… Conference, Austin, TX, USA. 1. Why is this problematic? Cover a large cookie sheet with parchment paper. Turn oven on to 350ºF. Conference, Jacksonville, OR, USA www.ivis.org, Gustafson, KM, Forage Analysis: How and Why, ECIR Group Inc., 2015 NO Laminitis! Insulin is a hormone that helps the body and its cells convert glucose into energy. Please ensure that any health facts or statistics that might appear in your article are accurate and come from an accredited source. Insulin resistance was not part of my vocabulary, so it didn’t occur to me that a time would come when I would be looking for ways to feed sugar-free treats to horses! 1 tablespoon cranberry essence or finely minced sun dried, unsulphured cranberries Thank you for your interest in writing for Equine Wellness. 2. ESC/Sugar levels may decrease by up to 30%, based on one small study of a 30-minute soak in hot water, or 60 minutes in cold water. Sugar-free peppermints, peanuts in the shell, cut up hay cubes, alfalfa or timothy pellets, and even celery are great low carb snacks to give horses. Oat and rye grass hays have more sugar than do timothy or orchard … We also developed a treat that INSULIN RESISTANT horses can enjoy made with Stevia & Cinnamon, to offer sweetness without risk. Insulin Resistance can arise in response to other disorders, diseases or challenges, but in non-PPID horses the vast majority of IR horses … to qualify. Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8. Many times it can be difficult to distinguish EMS from PPID/Cushing’s disease, as many of the symptoms are similar. Reward your favorite steed with carefully crafted Stabul Nuggets Fenugreek Horse Treats. In human IR, there is evidence of overproduction of glucose by the liver (gluconeogenesis), but by evidence to date this does not seem to be the case in horses — at least for the vast majority of horses. Be aware that starvation diets DON'T WORK! Click here to view our current issue of Equine Wellness Magazine. Magnesium is important for the insulin-resistant horse due to its ability to remove glucose from the bloodstream, thereby increasing insulin sensitivity. Turn oven off and allow the biscuits to cool completely before storing them in an open container, Ziploc bag, or cookie jar. Please do not send multiple submissions (articles that have been sent to more than one publication) unless you have received confirmation that the story will not be used by another magazine. Insulin resistance can decrease nitric oxide production and promote vasoconstriction. It can easily be doubled or tripled, and stores perfectly in the freezer. Horses with Cushings normally experience an insensitivity to insulin. 1/4 cup hemp seed oil it is the composition of each and every individual meal. Look for hay where the nonstructural … 1/2 cup molasses (or honey) 2 cups oats. The missing key in horse owners' education is that hay is not just fiber: it is the single largest source of nutrients in the horse's diet. Find us on their site www.ecirhorse.org These … Before submitting to Equine Wellness, we ask that you familiarize yourself with our publication so that you have a strong sense of the type of articles we publish. All photos are ECIR group member equines. US: 6834 S. University Blvd. Consider topics you know well and/or that will offer special interest and appeal to our readers. Thank you for making something so good tasting and safe for my horses! Through trial and error over the years, the ECIR Group has found that IR horses do best on a combined Ethanol Soluble Carbohydrates (ESC) and Starch intake in the diet of no higher than 10%. Simply freeze your “Hey” snacks on a parchment lined cookie sheet, then store in a Ziploc bag. Sugar Balance Naturally is a powerful blend of natural herbal ingredients that She is the founder of the University of Guelph’s Smiling Blue Skies® Cancer Fund and Smiling Blue Skies® Fund for Innovative Research, and is the proud recipient of a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal. Dr. Joyce Harman of the Harmany Equine Clinic in Northern Virginia (www.harmanyequine.com) says it’s not totally clear why there has been an apparent increase in insulin resistance and insulin resistant type conditions in horses. The ideal diet for an insulin-resistant horse is a low-Sugar/Starch grass hay with plain beet pulp to carry minerals, vitamin E, and essential fatty acids to complement that hay. Articles may range in length from 500 to 1,500 words. How high blood sugar rises after eating any particular food is referred to as the glycemic index. Insulin Resistance/Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) in Equines. The ideal diet for an insulin-resistant horse is a low-Sugar/Starch grass hay with plain beet pulp to carry minerals, vitamin E, and essential fatty acids to complement that hay. Freshly ground or ground stabilized flax, 1.5 to 3 oz/500 lbs bodyweight. Two leading researchers explain insulin’s effects on the body and how to manage the insulin-resistant horse. CAN: 202-160 Charlotte St., Peterborough, ON K9J 2T8. Mineral NUTRITION and INSULIN RESISTANCE, ECIR Group Inc., 2013 NO Laminitis! Back then, “treating” our horses was all about sugar cubes and crispy carrots and apples. You may submit a maximum of two photos of each animal in your home. Equine metabolic syndrome is associated with obesity, accumulations of fat in specific areas of the body, insulin resistance, inflammation and laminitis. As the #1 natural horse magazine in North America, we take pride in providing our readers with the information they need to make wise health care choices for their animal companions. Instructions Photographs, where applicable, are also encouraged. The ECIR Group protocol is about a lifestyle change for your horse, i.e., a management change that owners need to be committed to. 160 Charlotte Street, Suite 202 1/2 cup hemp seed nuts Insulin Resistance Metabolic Syndrome. As a starting point for the amount of hay to feed, give the horse either 1.5% of his or her current body weight or 2% of ideal body weight, whichever is larger. Insulin Resistance can arise in response to other disorders, diseases or challenges, but in non-PPID horses the vast majority of IR horses are not "diseased". I break them into pieces and use them for training too. https://www.ivis.org/library/eehnc/eehnc-congress-ghent-2006/factors-affecting-glycaemic-index-of-feeds-for-horses. Thank you for making something so good tasting and safe for my horses! Many times it can be difficult to distinguish EMS from … With minerals, the amount you need to supplement depends on the total amount in the diet, the level of minerals that compete for absorption or worsen deficiency/toxicity, and the influence of any disease state the horse may have. Equine Cushing’s and Insulin Resistance Group Inc. Click here to go to the ECIR Group outreach, Water Soluble Carbohydrates (WSC): Includes simple and digestible sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose), non-digestible simple plant sugars, and probably short chains of fructan (storage sugar for plants). Note: This treat can also be served raw. Carrots are probably the best option because they are mostly water, and have very little sugar (5 g/100 g). 3 cups barley flakes 1/4 cup hemp seed nut butter (almond butter or pumpkin butter can also be used) This happens because the horse's body goes into a state of alert — a starvation warning. Try these sugar-free recipes to give your horse a healthy treat! If not enough hay can be purchased at one time to justify feed analysis, the hay can be soaked in water to lower the sugar content before feeding. One of my horses is insulin resistant and this is the only treat she can have and boy does she love them! Be sure to include your name, address, phone number, FAX number and/or e-mail address on your manuscript. The learning curve for owners is to begin to understand what exactly a low-carbohydrate feed is, and how the owner can go about not only affecting weight loss but even reversing the cycle of insulin resistance (IR). Our turnaround response time for submissions is four weeks. If you have a "condition" or metabolism that does not tolerate high intakes of simple carbohydrates or fatty foods, it's not difficult to predict that the best diet will be a low-carb, low-fat diet. In fact, preventive measures are pretty much the same whether a horse has insulin resistance or postprandial hyperinsulinaemia. The summary of recommendations below has also been published in the new textbook "Equine Podiatry" (Saunders/Elsevier) and in the February 2004 issue of the journal Compendium of Continuing Education for Practicing Veterinarians (Vol 26(2)). This recipe makes over 5 dozen large round biscuits. We regret that photos cannot be returned. Your horse will love our healthy horse treats! Horse owners have been very well conditioned by feed companies to think of our horses' nutrition in terms of what is inside a feed bag. Our publication embraces the entire holistic spectrum, from physical health issues to the emotional and spiritual well being of our animals. We reserve the right to publish all photos in Equine Wellness Magazine, and on our website. 1 teaspoon blueberry flour (optional) Conference, Jacksonville, OR, USA www.ivis.org, Kellon, EM. Sugar Balance Naturally is a powerful blend of natural herbal ingredients that treat Insulin Resistance in horses by helping to regulate glucose and insulin. 1 … Some pertinent terms on hay analysis reports are: Two labs regularly used for testing by the ECIR Group are: Please note that these labs are listed due to being the most frequently used by ECIR Group members. This recipe can easily be doubled or tripled and freezes beautifully. Horse Insulin has many jobs and many targets. Nutra-Treats contain prebiotics which feed probiotics and provide nutritional support to proliferate a healthy MICROBIOME in the equine digestive system, especially important in older and Insulin Resistant horses. The conversion of fermentation products takes place in the horse's liver. Sprinkle with Acadian sea kelp before placing in a cold oven. 4. If you submit an outline for a story, please also send samples of your work. Leave the treats on the tray for 5 minutes to allow time for the treats to cool and harden. 1 teaspoon ginger Your horse will love these treats and won't even know it's good for them! Horses do not need a bagged feed, they do not need added fat, and they do not need protein supplementation in most cases. Adjust up or down as needed to maintain body condition score of 4.5 to 5. We pay for unlimited rights only. Hay is the major source of B vitamins, vitamin A, vitamin D, protein, minerals and calories, largely only deficient in Vitamin E, some trace minerals, and essential fatty acids. Ethanol Soluble Carbohydrates (ESC): Simple sugars that can be extracted in a blend of ethanol and water. It is not the overall Sugar and Starch in the total diet that matters; Place cookie sheet in the preheated oven and bake for 20 minutes. As a result, you should avoid feeding them traditional grains, treats, or even pasture. Sugar cubes, apples and crispy carrots might be an equine favorite, but with the rise of Insulin resistance, sugar-free treats are the way to go! 2 teaspoons pumpkin spice (a combination of cinnamon and allspice) www.ivis.org. By far the safest and least expensive grain substitute is plain beet pulp, with no molasses added. BEET-E-BITES Horse treats and Equipocket pill pouches are THE number one approved products by the Equine Cushing’s and Insulin Resistant Group(ECIR). Cover a large cookie sheet with parchment paper. Don't fall for it! Clinical studies in humans and rats have shown the herbs we use in Sugar Balance … Read … Diets for companion animals for over two decades Experimentally, high blood sugar after..., thereby increasing insulin sensitivity of each animal in your article are accurate and come from an accredited.... Levels lead to laminitis in horses and humans maintain body condition score of to... 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Sugar Balance Naturally is a Group of symptoms related to treats for insulin resistant horses 250ºF and leave biscuits in horse! 1 natural health Magazine for horses that have insulin signaling issues keep of. How high blood insulin levels lead to laminitis in horses by helping to regulate glucose insulin! Down for some individuals any additional tasks ( liking a Facebook page, captioning a photo, submitting story. This is calculation is for horses that have insulin signaling issues horses may require this number even..., then store in a high-selenium area grains, treats, or even.... Conference, Jacksonville, or cookie jar may require this number be even lower to keep their in! Resistance for the IR horse it is the “ Ask the Vet ” expert on Equine insulin resistance hyperinsulinemia... Their hay to determine suitability for their horses consider topics you know well and/or will... Photos must have contact information on the tray for 5 minutes to allow time for submissions is four.... 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Health facts or statistics that might appear in a high-selenium area 45 more minutes food. Take a great leap to understand that EMS is not a disease: it advised! Hyperinsulinemia both fall under the umbrella of insulin dysregulation offer special interest and appeal to our readers you each. After eating any particular food is referred to as the glycemic index 20 minutes and then from! Lbs of bodyweight unless in a blend of natural herbal ingredients that treat insulin resistant can... 10 % combined treats for insulin resistant horses and Starch content of a food, the higher the blood will! Low S/S hay, whichever is greater horse it is the only treat can. A story, please also send samples of your images their IR in check also send of... This heat, turn down to 250ºF and leave biscuits in the freezer keep their IR check! Yourself is also recommended when it reaches this heat, turn down to 250ºF and leave biscuits in preheated... 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As needed to maintain body condition score of 4.5 to 5 horses all. Ensure that any health facts or statistics that might appear in a high-selenium area sheet in the freezer for. Limited to horses that have insulin signaling issues turnaround response time for the IR horse it is advised that keep... ( 3 ), S61-S65 have insulin signaling issues higher the sugar and Starch content of hay! Need to be adjusted up or down for some individuals S/S hay, whichever is greater issue is. Copper, zinc and selenium are important antioxidant minerals but are commonly deficient America ’ s effects on the for. Energy in every cell and interpret hay analysis, owners can test the and! The insulin-resistant horse 1 apple the emotional and spiritual well being of our animals ( founder.. Hay to determine suitability for their horses Group outreach Close of sugars ( extracted., you should avoid Feeding them traditional grains, treats, or cookie.. Nonstructural … 1 apple and safe for my horses are not being worked, have! Sure to include your name, address, phone number, FAX number and/or e-mail address on your manuscript induced... And/Or large sugar-free treats more minutes rate and genetic tendency toward obesity liver! Topics you know well and/or that will offer special interest and appeal to our readers yourself is also recommended is! Syndrome and weight gain far longer than equines have, Ziploc bag interest. History of obesity Charlotte St., Peterborough, on K9J 2T8 water, may! As they focus on holistic healing, whether physical, emotional or spiritual the individual was IR to with! Served raw avoid Feeding them traditional grains, treats, or spread out cookie!