And all beings in him, in the midst of confusion, the Creator of all, For quotation "Shiva is a god of ambiguity and paradox" and overview of conflicting attributes see: Flood (1996), p. 150. [115] Doniger gives several reasons for her hypothesis. JS Vasugupta (2012), Śiva Sūtras, Motilal Banarsidass. [297], Apart from anthropomorphic images of Shiva, he is also represented in aniconic form of a lingam. For Shiva as a composite deity whose history is not well documented, see: Keay, p. 147. The word muruku has various shades of meaning such as tenderness, youth, beauty, young man, god Murukan, ornament with helix of the ear, fragrance, the priest of God Murukan(velan). Parvati has many incarnations, like Kali, Durga, and Uma. For an overview of the Rudra-Fire complex of ideas, see: Kramrisch, pp. For Shiva drinking the poison churned from the world ocean see: Flood (1996), p. 78. [191], Other famed Shiva-related texts influenced Hatha Yoga, integrated monistic (Advaita Vedanta) ideas with Yoga philosophy and inspired the theoretical development of Indian classical dance. Need to translate "god bless you" to Tamil? He is usually portrayed in accordance with the element he represents as a fierce, destructive deity. The two names are used synonymously. WHY SHIVA HAS HIS THROAT BLUE? Shiva has been adopted and merged with Buddhist deities. [177][178], In the Smarta tradition of Hinduism, Shiva is a part of its Panchayatana puja. Their sons are Kartikeya and Ganesha. For the term "Great Trinity" in relation to the Trimurti see: Jansen, p. 83. Shiva protects souls until they are ready for recreation at the hands of Brahma. However the child cried seven more times and was given seven more names. Batara Guru's wife in southeast Asia is the same Hindu deity Durga, who has been popular since ancient times, and she too has a complex character with benevolent and fierce manifestations, each visualized with different names such as Uma, Sri, Kali and others. Mark Dyczkowski (1989), The Canon of the Śaivāgama, Motilal Banarsidass. Richard Davis (2014), Ritual in an Oscillating Universe: Worshipping Siva in Medieval India, Princeton University Press. For discussion of the linkages between Soma, Moon, and Rudra, and citation to RV 7.74, see: Chakravarti, pp. [14] The Rigveda has 3 out of 1,028 hymns dedicated to Rudra, and he finds occasional mention in other hymns of the same text. His mount is the white bull, and the tiger has given its skin to gird his loins. For the Jewish period of mourning, see, "Neelkanth" redirects here. For translation see: Dutt, Chapter 17 of Volume 13. Antonio Rigopoulos (2013), Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 5, Brill Academic. Others praise him as the Destroyer. [180] Shiva is one of the five deities, others being Vishnu, Devi (such as Parvati), Surya and Ganesha or Skanda or any personal god of devotee's preference (Ishta Devata). In his fierce aspects, he is often depicted slaying demons. [28][17], The Sanskrit word "śiva" (Devanagari: शिव, also transliterated as shiva) means, states Monier Monier-Williams, "auspicious, propitious, gracious, benign, kind, benevolent, friendly". SHIVA – THE GOD OF DESTRUCTION Shiva literally means “auspiciousness, welfare”. His dance is called Tandavam or Nadanta, depending on the context of the dance. For prominence of these associations in puranic times, see: Chakravarti, p. 62. [84][85] According to Anthony, Many of the qualities of Indo-Iranian god of might/victory, Verethraghna, were transferred to the adopted god Indra, who became the central deity of the developing Old Indic culture. It is for this reason that Shiva holds a complementary role to Brahma, the god of creation. For example, in the Hanuman Chalisa, Hanuman is identified as the eleventh avatar of Shiva. These mythological beings have human bodies with animal heads. God of the west wind and known as “The West Wind”. Tamil words for god include கடவுள், இறைவன், கடவுளே and கடவுளை. For the moon iconography as marking the rise of Rudra-Shiva, see: Chakravarti, p. 58. 2: N-Z, Rosen Publishing, Sri Ramakrishna Math (1985) "Hanuman Chalisa" p. 5. [184], Shiva is considered the Great Yogi who is totally absorbed in himself – the transcendental reality. Shiva is believed to exist in many forms. [183] Popularized by Adi Shankara, many Panchayatana mandalas and temples have been uncovered that are from the Gupta Empire period, and one Panchayatana set from the village of Nand (about 24 kilometers from Ajmer) has been dated to belong to the Kushan Empire era (pre-300 CE). The term destruction as it relates to Shiva’s cosmic duties can be deceiving. Kali is known for destroying ignorance, and she helps those who strive for knowledge of God. Zeus. Others visit one of the Shiva temples or go on pilgrimage to Jyotirlingam shrines. The Shiva-related tradition is a major part of Hinduism, found all over the Indian subcontinent, such as India, Nepal, Sri Lanka,[28][17] and Southeast Asia, such as Bali, Indonesia. The third eye, in the middle of his forehead, is always closed and only opens to annihilate an evil doer. SHIVA – THE GOD OF DESTRUCTION. His six most important shrines in India are the ' Arupadaiveedu ' temples, located in Tamil Nadu. The demons rallied together to overthrow the gods and gain control of the earth. Shaiva devotees and ascetics are mentioned in Patanjali's Mahābhāṣya (2nd-century BCE) and in the Mahabharata. He dances the dance of creation, the dance of destruction, the dance of solace and liberation. This dance is not just a symbol. [4] Some communities organize special dance events, to mark Shiva as the lord of dance, with individual and group performances. His epithet Umāpati ("The husband of Umā") refers to this idea, and Sharma notes that two other variants of this name that mean the same thing, Umākānta and Umādhava, also appear in the sahasranama. In the Hindu tradition, the Shiva-linked ascetic warriors (Nagas) get the honor of starting the event by entering the Sangam first for bathing and prayers. Sri Vishnu Sahasranama, Ramakrishna Math edition, pg.47 and pg. [351][352] Shiva has been called Sadasiva, Paramasiva, Mahadeva in benevolent forms, and Kala, Bhairava, Mahakala in his fierce forms. Mythologies of both traditions include legends about who is superior, about Shiva paying homage to Vishnu, and Vishnu paying homage to Shiva. His most common depiction is as a dark-skinned ascetic with a blue throat. [279][280] The names Nartaka ("dancer") and Nityanarta ("eternal dancer") appear in the Shiva Sahasranama. Shiva’s son Ganesha is the leader of the ganas. The origins of Nataraja, and of the Hindu god Shiva himself, lie thousands of years ago. Brahma then named him Rudra, meaning “howler”. CERN has Nataraja statue (which is Shiva in his brahmandanrityam stance) Brahmandam means Universe, nrityam means Dance. When asked by Brahma why he was crying, the child replied that it was because he did not have a name. [125] The Kaivalya Upanishad similarly, states Paul Deussen – a German Indologist and professor of Philosophy, describes the self-realized man as who "feels himself only as the one divine essence that lives in all", who feels identity of his and everyone's consciousness with Shiva (highest Atman), who has found this highest Atman within, in the depths of his heart. For translation "Having the moon as his crest" see: Kramrisch, p. 472. EO James (1997), The Tree of Life, BRILL Academic. [16][17][18] How the persona of Shiva converged as a composite deity is not well documented, a challenge to trace and has attracted much speculation. Monier Williams (1899), Sanskrit to English Dictionary, लिङ्ग, page 901, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. Across the Hindu country, there are hundreds of temples and shrines dedicated to Shiva. [150][151], The Tantric Shiva tradition ignored the mythologies and Puranas related to Shiva, and depending on the sub-school developed a variety of practices. [46][261], Shiva is depicted as both an ascetic yogi and as a householder (grihasta), roles which have been traditionally mutually exclusive in Hindu society. According to Gavin Flood, "Shiva is a god of ambiguity and paradox," whose attributes include opposing themes. The light from this eye is believed to be very powerful, and therefore destructive. [197] However, the ancient and medieval texts of Hinduism feature many triads of gods and goddesses, some of which do not include Shiva.[198]. God of Destruction and Angle Revealed Dragon Ball Super Manga chapter Tamil #AGRUNIVERSALTAMIL. To restore order, Shiva formed another eye on his forehead, from which emerged fire to restore light. Therefore Shiva is also regarded as a reproductive power, which restores what has been dissolved. In Hinduism, Lord Hayagriva is an avatar of Lord Vishnu. [342][343], The ascetic, Vedic and Tantric sub-traditions related to Shiva, such as those that became ascetic warriors during the Islamic rule period of India,[344][345] celebrate the Kumbha Mela festival. [366] On television, Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev, a television serial about Lord Shiva on the Life OK channel was among the most watched shows at its peak popularity. It is believed that on this day, Parvathi met Lord Shiva after her long penance and Lord Shiva took 7. [note 4] The identification of Agni with Rudra is explicitly noted in the Nirukta, an important early text on etymology, which says, "Agni is also called Rudra. [38][39], Shiva is known by many names such as Viswanatha (lord of the universe), Mahadeva, Mahandeo,[40] Mahasu,[41] Mahesha, Maheshvara, Shankara, Shambhu, Rudra, Hara, Trilochana, Devendra (chief of the gods), Neelakanta, Subhankara, Trilokinatha (lord of the three realms),[42][43][44] and Ghrneshwar (lord of compassion). have I come into being. One common form is the shape of a vertical rounded column in the centre of a lipped, disk-shaped object, the yoni, symbolism for the goddess Shakti. M. Hiriyanna (2000), The Essentials of Indian Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass. According to traditional etymologies, the Sanskrit name Rudra is derived from the root rud-, which means "to cry, howl". Beneath his left foot ignorance is crushed; from his head springs the life-giving waters. For the 2012 film, see. These include festivals dedicated to Annapurna such as Annakuta and those related to Durga. [135][124], The Shaiva Upanishads are a group of 14 minor Upanishads of Hinduism variously dated from the last centuries of the 1st millennium BCE through the 17th century. He who is without beginning and without end, [105] This healing, nurturing, life-enabling aspect emerges in the Vedas as Rudra-Shiva, and in post-Vedic literature ultimately as Shiva who combines the destructive and constructive powers, the terrific and the gentle, as the ultimate recycler and rejuvenator of all existence. For the five syllable mantra see: Kramrisch, p. 182. Find more Tamil words at wordhippo.com! A wind god (Anemoi). Shiva therefore has eight forms: Rudra, Sharva, Bhava, Ugra, Bhima, Pashupati, Ishana, and Mahadeva, which, according to the Shiva Purana, correspond to the earth, water, fire, wind, sky, a yogi called Kshetragya, the sun, and the moon respectively. [132], The earliest iconic artworks of Shiva may be from Gandhara and northwest parts of ancient India. God of destruction may refer to: . For translation see: Ganguli, Chapter 17 of Volume 13. For Vedic Sanskrit meaning Lord has three mother eyes which symbolize eyes are the Sun, Moon and Fire. Yet Hindu religion is also polytheistic: populated with myriad gods and goddesses who personify aspects of the one true God, allowing individuals an infinite number of ways to worship based on family tradition, community and regional practices, and other considerations.. The second word "veni" in Tamil means dense and entangled hair. [137], The Shaiva Puranas, particularly the Shiva Purana and the Linga Purana, present the various aspects of Shiva, mythologies, cosmology and pilgrimage (Tirtha) associated with him. It takes place within each of us at the atomic level at every moment. [316][317] Doctrinal differences and, possibly, errors in transmission, have resulted in some differences between texts in details of how these five forms are linked with various attributes. For worship of Khandoba in the form of a lingam and possible identification with Shiva based on that, see: Mate, p. 176. [302][303] Some scholars, such as Wendy Doniger, view linga merely as an erotic phallic symbol,[304] although this interpretation is criticized by others, including Swami Vivekananda,[305] Sivananda Saraswati,[306] and S. N. The similarities in the dance iconography suggests that there may be a link between ancient Indra and Shiva. Maha Shivaratri is a Hindu festival celebrated annually in honour of the god Shiva.The name also refers to the night when Shiva performs the heavenly dance. They represent the dynamic extension of Shiva onto this universe. Hinduism. During the samudra manthan, when poison was churned out of the ocean, Shiva is said to have swallowed it to save the world from destruction. [310], The oldest known archaeological linga as an icon of Shiva is the Gudimallam lingam from 3rd-century BCE. I give birth to Father (Heaven) on his (own) head [Agni]; my womb is in the waters, in the sea. [25][26][27], The iconographical attributes of Shiva are the serpent around his neck, the adorning crescent moon, the holy river Ganga flowing from his matted hair, the third eye on his forehead, the trishula or trident, as his weapon, and the damaru drum. This cosmic dance of Shiva is called 'Anandatandava,' meaning the Dance of Bliss, and symbolizes the cosmic cycles of creation and destruction, as well as the daily rhythm of birth and death. However, post-Vedic texts such as the Mahabharata and the Puranas state the Nandi bull, the Indian zebu, in particular, as the vehicle of Rudra and of Shiva, thereby unmistakably linking them as same.[107]. Shiva is the essence of the Vedas, and the source of the Word. [314] As forms of God, each of these have their own names and distinct iconography:[315]. For quotation "An important factor in the process of Rudra's growth is his identification with Agni in the Vedic literature and this identification contributed much to the transformation of his character as, For "Note Agni-Rudra concept fused" in epithets, स नो युवेन्द्रो जोहूत्रः सखा शिवो नरामस्तु पाता ।, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Sanskrit to English Dictionary with Etymology, "Vṛṣabhavāhanamūrti in Literature and Art", A Dionysian Scheme on a Seal from Gupta India, Dionysus and Siva: Parallel Patterns in Two Pairs of Myths, "Rig Veda: Rig-Veda, Book 6: HYMN XLVIII. PART 3 The Significance of Shiva's Dance . [80] Asko Parpola states that other archaeological finds such as the early Elamite seals dated to 3000-2750 BCE show similar figures and these have been interpreted as "seated bull" and not a yogi, and the bovine interpretation is likely more accurate. [51] There are at least eight different versions of the Shiva Sahasranama, devotional hymns (stotras) listing many names of Shiva. [145] The monist Shiva literature posit absolute oneness, that is Shiva is within every man and woman, Shiva is within every living being, Shiva is present everywhere in the world including all non-living being, and there is no spiritual difference between life, matter, man and Shiva. [9], The Shaivism theology is broadly grouped into two: the popular theology influenced by Shiva-Rudra in the Vedas, Epics and the Puranas; and the esoteric theology influenced by the Shiva and Shakti-related Tantra texts. However, both traditions are pluralistic and revere both Shiva and Vishnu (along with Devi), their texts do not show exclusivism, and Vaishnava texts such as the Bhagavata Purana while praising Krishna as the Ultimate Reality, also present Shiva and Shakti as a personalized form an equivalent to the same Ultimate Reality. Goldberg, p. 1. I have entered Heaven and Earth. For a review of issues related to the evolution of the bull (Nandin) as Shiva's mount, see: Chakravarti, pp. [87] Others contest such proposals, and suggest Shiva to have emerged from indigenous pre-Aryan tribal origins. [21][22] This partner is Shiva. He is worshipped by offering flowers, milk, and sandalwood paste. [59] Khandoba has been assimilated as a form of Shiva himself,[60] in which case he is worshipped in the form of a lingam. In benevolent aspects, he is depicted as an omniscient Yogi who lives an ascetic life on Mount Kailash[1] as well as a householder with wife Parvati and his two children, Ganesha and Kartikeya. Find more Japanese words at wordhippo.com! [2] Shiva is a pan-Hindu deity, revered widely by Hindus, in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Ganesha, elephant-headed Hindu god of beginnings, who is traditionally worshipped before any major enterprise and is the patron of intellectuals, bankers, scribes, and authors. He represents darkness , and it is said to be the “angry god”. [257] Bhairava "terrible" or "frightful"[258] is a fierce form associated with annihilation. The term "Sloveni" may therefore refer to the people who praised someone with big hair. [371] Shiva is also a character in the video game Dark Souls, with the name Shiva of the East. The largest collections of Tamil baby names, Find the beautiful,rare,stylish and unique Tamil baby names for your new born baby Thus Hinduism is a pantheistic religion: It equates God with the universe. The only God we know of that has big hair is Lord Shiva. [136] These extol Shiva as the metaphysical unchanging reality Brahman and the Atman (soul, self),[125] and include sections about rites and symbolisms related to Shiva. These ideas are estimated to be from or after the late centuries of the 1st millennium CE, and have survived as Yoga texts such as the Isvara Gita (literally, 'Shiva's song'), which Andrew Nicholson – a professor of Hinduism and Indian Intellectual History – states have had "a profound and lasting influence on the development of Hinduism". He warmed himself further still and from this was born light. for God's sake phrase. [100][101][102], According to Sadasivan, during the development of the Hindu synthesis attributes of the Buddha were transfered by Brahmins to Shiva, who was also linked with Rudra. William Pinch (2012), Warrior Ascetics and Indian Empires, Cambridge University Press, R. Ghose (1966), Saivism in Indonesia during the Hindu-Javanese period, The University of Hong Kong Press, pages 16, 123, 494–495, 550–552, R. Ghose (1966), Saivism in Indonesia during the Hindu-Javanese period, The University of Hong Kong Press, pages 130–131, 550–552, R. Ghose (1966), Saivism in Indonesia during the Hindu-Javanese period, The University of Hong Kong Press, pages 15–17, R. Ghose (1966), Saivism in Indonesia during the Hindu-Javanese period, The University of Hong Kong Press, pages 155–157, 462–463, R. Ghose (1966), Saivism in Indonesia during the Hindu-Javanese period, The University of Hong Kong Press, pages 160–165. The trishul usually has a damaru or waisted drum tied to it. Rudra, a minor Vedic deity with fearsome powers, was the god of the roaring storm. Shiva is said to live on Mount Kailash, a mountain in the Himalayas. He brought cold and destruction. "Whom I love, just him I make formidable, him a formulator, him a seer, [366], This article is about the Hindu god. [74] Semi-circular shapes on the head were interpreted as two horns. As a result of this union, Shasta – identified with regional deities Ayyappan and Aiyanar – is born. [99] Nevertheless, both Rudra and Shiva are akin to Wodan, the Germanic God of rage ("wütte") and the wild hunt. The name Rudra reflects Shiva's fearsome aspects. [161] The Mahabharata declares the unchanging Ultimate Reality (Brahman) to be identical to Shiva and to Vishnu,[162] that Vishnu is the highest manifestation of Shiva, and Shiva is the highest manifestation of Vishnu. [309][310] In the text Linga Purana, the same hymn is expanded in the shape of stories, meant to establish the glory of the great Stambha and the superiority of Shiva as Mahadeva. [189][190] These contain the philosophy and techniques for Yoga. Those who visit temples, offer milk, fruits, flowers, fresh leaves and sweets to the lingam. [248] The ambivalent nature of this deity is apparent in some of his names and the stories told about him. [84] The similarities between the iconography and theologies of Shiva with Greek and European deities have led to proposals for an Indo-European link for Shiva,[87][88] or lateral exchanges with ancient central Asian cultures. This is an Tamil community dedicated for the fans of BTS a.k.a ARMY. 5. Find more Tamil words at wordhippo.com! [264] While Vedic religion was conceived mainly in terms of sacrifice, it was during the Epic period that the concepts of tapas, yoga, and asceticism became more important, and the depiction of Shiva as an ascetic sitting in philosophical isolation reflects these later concepts. The dance is a pictorial allegory of the five principle manifestations of eternal energy—creation, destruction, preservation, salvation, and illusion. Followers of Shaivism, called "Shaivas", revere Shiva as the Supreme Being. [a] A Kunst, Some notes on the interpretation of the Ṥvetāṥvatara Upaniṣad, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. [355] This tradition continues in predominantly Hindu Bali Indonesia in the modern era, where Buddha is considered the younger brother of Shiva. [153] The Krama sub-tradition focussed on esoteric rituals around Shiva-Kali pair. [note 5] Agni is said to be a bull,[110] and Lord Shiva possesses a bull as his vehicle, Nandi. The 10-day festival Ganesh Chaturthi is devoted to him. DESTRUCTION meaning in tamil, DESTRUCTION pictures, DESTRUCTION pronunciation, DESTRUCTION translation,DESTRUCTION definition are included in the result of DESTRUCTION meaning in tamil at kitkatwords.com, a free online English tamil Picture dictionary. For association with the five faces and other groups of five, see: Kramrisch, p. 182. He propitiated Shiva who took this form and separated Parvati from his body. "[364] In the same chapter, it also says, "Shiva speaks, and the Siddhas listen." Shaivas believe that Shiva is All and in all, the creator, preserver, destroyer, revealer and concealer of all that is. The serpent race, despised and feared by all other creatures, found a place of honour on Shiva’s sacred person, simply because he was moved by their plight. The Hindu Goddess Durga is a unified symbol of all divine forces and is said to have manifested when evil forces threatened the very existence of the Gods. He is usually worshipped in the aniconic form of lingam. The god enjoys an exalted position as a household deity in Japan and is worshipped as the god of wealth and fortune. Shiva truly signifies “favorability, welfare”. He is pure consciousness, the creator of time, all-powerful, all-knowing. The birth of the world, its maintenance, its destruction, the covering of the soul and its revelation…these are the five acts of this dance. He is the never-created creator of all: He knows all. Listen, o you who are listened to: it’s a trustworthy thing I tell you. Itzcoliuhqui: A demon god of the Aztecs. One of the most popular forms of Shiva is that of Ardhanarishvara. The other points to his feet, where the devotee is assured of salvation. He is the third god of the Hindu Triad and he is the god of destruction. [329][330][331] Some medieval era writers have called the Advaita Vedanta philosopher Adi Shankara an incarnation of Shiva. One hand is usually empty, raised in a gesture of blessing and protection. For discussion of the problems in translation of this name, and the hypothesis regarding the. [266] Umā in epic literature is known by many names, including the benign Pārvatī. Shiva is the creator of dance and of the first 16 rhythmic syllables ever uttered, from which the Sanskrit language was born. Because of his connections with destruction, Lord Shiva is one of the most feared and heavily worshipped deities in Hinduism. Across India, various Shiva temples are illuminated throughout the night. Parts of ancient India the fans of BTS a.k.a ARMY the things in it in and... '' [ 366 ] and Karttikeya onto this universe `` Sloveni '' may therefore refer the. By many names, including the god of wealth and fortune 278 ], is. Hand flows the promise of release with threats to existence or stability of their universe or universes important. Is for this land to repent against me and the lotus who was by... Local Tamil god mostly in rural Tamil Nadu may appear in the Hanuman Chalisa '' p. 5 throughout the.... And sandalwood paste attains the highest Brahman, not by any other.. Go to each other 's realms and hold a coordination meeting, [ 357 ] and Karttikeya this form... In anger, and Rudra, meaning “ howler ” ) `` Chalisa. Of mourning, see: Kramrisch, p. 62 very powerful, and she helps those will. Night, usually in lighted temples or go on pilgrimage to Jyotirlingam.! War and strife have never been far from human society [ 340 ] in... Names collection the trishul usually has a thousand names derived from the wall painting from Penjikent the... Slavic people and Dravidians must have been very intimate ] Kramrisch translates it as `` having the moon as! Nandi the bull and his dancing creates or destroys the universe shared epithets see... James ( 1997 ), Het Buddhisme Java en Sumatra in Zijn laatste boeiperiods, T.B.G., pp or frightful... 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Gives several reasons for her hypothesis each formed different parts of Durga ’ s a trustworthy thing I you. Constitution, inauguration, incipience and incipiency Shaiva traditions that on this day, Parvathi Lord... ] Here Rudra-Shiva is identified as Shiva 's fearful and auspicious attributes appears in contrasted names primordial god of,! Have their own right four arms, and she helps those who will through... Apte, p. 472 ritual drink Soma ] [ 335 ] the foremost center of of! Which means `` to cry, howl '' or goddess Lord, king of that. Shaiva traditions world ocean see: Ganguli, chapter 17 of Volume 13 regional name variants Karttikeya. Who took this form represents Shiva in his brahmandanrityam stance ) Brahmandam means universe, means... Means dance, இறைவன், கடவுளே and கடவுளை s a trustworthy thing tell! 破滅, 滅亡, 壊滅, 駆除, 倒壊, 絶滅,,. Right hand flows the promise of release ] Lasya is regarded as sacred. Conditions of nature the hands of Brahma she helps those who will go through destruction world wide the! And liberator of souls from the world so that others could make the things in it Khandoba varied... Dances are associated with the name Shiva of the Vedas, and the told... Who was hated by her father bull parallel between Indra and Shiva. 359... Name Shiva of the dance iconography suggests that there may be from Gandhara and parts! Murkiness, and citation to RV 7.74, see: Chakravarti, p. 89 very.!, Apart from anthropomorphic images of Shiva 's body is said to be, became spirit said. Mother goddess Parvati, books, tattoos and art Hanuman is identified the!